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ADHD and Anxiety Medication Anxiety disorders are often associated with ADHD. Anxiety can lead to irritation, restlessness, and difficulty sleeping. Stimulant medication can help ease these symptoms However, they can cause side effects such as small growth reductions and tics in adolescents and children. In addition, some people have anxiety issues while taking stimulant medication. Stimulants Stimulants are a class of drugs used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the condition known as narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They are available in the form of capsules, tablets or chunky crystals. They are also available in brown or white dust. In large doses, they can cause excessive stimulation, which can cause anxiety, panic, stomach cramps, paranoia and aggression. The long-term use of stimulants could cause addiction and serious side effects, such as heart problems, high blood pressure and stroke. These medications are also proven to reduce anxiety symptoms. They work by increasing the availability of the brain chemicals norepinephrine and dopamine, which tend to be lower in people with ADHD. This increases the activity and communication of parts of the brain which control executive and attention functions. This leads to increased control of impulses and anxiety symptoms decreasing. Studies have shown that both atomoxetine and methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults suffering from ADHD and other anxiety disorders. Both treatments improved anxiety symptoms beginning as early as the 4th week of treatment. The effect lasted for 8 weeks. It is important to note that the kind of medication that is most effective for treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms that co-occur may depend on which disorder has the greatest impact on a person’s quality of living. An individual may experience many minor crises that create anxiety in a regular manner as they try to meet appointments or complete assignments at school or at work. These are stressful and trigger anxiety more often than the symptoms of a panic attack or fear. In these instances the antidepressants, or SSRIs are the best choice to combat anxiety-related symptoms. They have been proven to be effective in decreasing anxiety levels in adults. They are usually taken orally and may take a bit longer to work, but the most commonly used options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Sertraline and Fluoxetine, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like duloxetine and venlafaxine. These medications can be used together with cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety. They are especially effective when a patient is suffering from an elevated or racing heart rate. SSRIs SSRIs, which are antidepressants are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. Prozac, the prototype drug of this group, is fluoxetine. The SSRIs are also able to treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. These medications are more adaptable and have less side effects than older generations of antidepressants. The SSRIs inhibit serotonin reuptake at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter to remain active in the synapse and signal the post-synaptic cells more often than it would otherwise. This can increase the output of norepinephrine and reduce anxiety. It can also increase the levels of neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP) which can stimulate the synthesis of proteins. Additionally, SSRIs may reduce impulsivity and reduce hyperactivity. They also can improve the quality of sleep and reduce agitation for some people with ADHD. However, these drugs may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and actions in some people. They can also increase appetite and weight gain when first starting. The SNRIs are a distinct type of antidepressant than SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake both of serotonin and norepinephrine. They also impact anxiety. They can improve the function of the heart muscle and blood vessels. This may reduce feelings of anxiety and stress. Certain people with bipolar disorder also benefit from their use. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor XR, Pristiq) and desvenlafaxine are the most popular SNRIs. SNRIs can cause blood pressure to rise in certain individuals, so those with high blood pressure or heart disease should not take them. There are many behavioral treatments for anxiety and ADHD that can be utilized alongside medication. Meditation and mindfulness techniques can help reduce stress and anxiety. Some people find tapping specific body parts, or Emotional Freedom techniques, helps lower cortisol which is the hormone that causes anxiety. Exercise and diet can reduce anxiety. Your doctor can suggest a diet of whole grains, fruits and vegetables and avoid sugar, which can increase anxiety in some ADHD adults and children. Non-stimulant-based medicines Although stimulants are highly effective in treating ADHD, and have been extensively researched, they may not be the best choice for those who suffer from anxiety or ADHD. Stimulant medications may cause negative side effects such as jitteriness rapid heart rate and nervousness that could mimic or even worsen symptoms of anxiety. Since 2002, non-stimulant medications have been prescribed for ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They do not raise heart rate or blood pressure, and are less likely than stimulant drugs to cause anxiety-related adverse reactions such as sweating, shaking, or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for norepinephrine. iampsychiatry.uk is a brain chemical that can improve attention and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. It has also been proven to reduce anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers collected clinical articles from PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to find out whether atomoxetine reduced anxiety in children and adolescents with ADHD. Another medication that can be effective in helping with anxiety symptoms is bupropion, which targets the brain chemical dopamine. Bupropion is usually prescribed to people who have ADHD and depression. It can also boost mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety. It is generally an excellent idea to identify and treat the underlying anxiety-related issue before treating the ADHD because it will typically help to alleviate anxiety symptoms. In some instances, anxiety symptoms in ADHD children are the cause of their anxiety. Psychostimulants and cognitive-behavioral therapy are typically the most effective treatments for anxiety in this situation. This is because these therapies address the root of the problem and reduce ADHD symptoms and, consequently, decrease anxiety. Antidepressants can also be prescribed to people suffering from ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target the brain chemical Serotonin can aid in relieving anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro, and Sertraline. In the end, the decision on which medication is right for you will be decided by your physician. Before recommending a drug, they will take into consideration your lifestyle, symptoms, age, in addition to other health issues. It is essential to discuss your goals for treatment with your physician and adhere to a regular schedule when taking any medication. Other options Based on your individual health goals, there are other treatment options that can be beneficial in managing ADHD and anxiety. These include mindfulness meditation, yoga (Emotional Freedom techniques), tapping and sleeping nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits. People with anxiety are more likely to experience symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to Dr. Hallowell says, which can make it difficult to treat both conditions at once. He prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD first, and then non-stimulant medications like bupropion or atomoxetine to treat anxiety disorders. They are available 24/7 and are not controlled drugs like stimulants.